Streptococcus thermophilus is an essential lactic acid bacterium used for commercial purposes, which includes the production of milk, cheese, and other dairy products. One command B lymphocytes of immunoglobulin G antibodies to manufacture, increase the host defenses bowel. Streptococcus thermophilus is used as a starter culture for dairy foods besides yogurt, including Mozzarella cheese. It is considered one of the most commercially important of the lactic acid bacteria. This organism is a thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium with an optimal growth rate at 45 °C. It is also capable of generating energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), by aerobic respiration with the presence of oxygen; however, without the presence of oxygen, it still can produce ATP through fermentation.
Streptococcus thermophilus cultured can enhance bowel barrier, stimulate the first type help T cells and Th1 (original) lymphocytes were activated macrophages surface antigen together, make macrophages within the bacteria or viruses are more likely to break down. S. thermophilus lacks cytochrome, oxidase, and catalase enzymes. It does not have motility and it does not form spores. Streptococcus thermophilus also produces exopolysaccharides. Immunologist lie Metchnikoff, spoke highly about the possible health benefits of the lactic acid-bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in his writings at the turn of the last century.
S. thermophilus has an important role as a probiotic, alleviating symptoms of lactose intolerance and other gastrointestinal disorders. These are essential to the texture of fermented milk products and also to the production of reduced-fat dairy products that maintain similar characteristics to their full-fat counterparts.
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